Which of the following is NOT one of the four commonly accepted functions of management?

The function that is traditionally characterized as NOT one of the four commonly accepted functions of management is implementing. The primary functions of management often cited are planning, organizing, leading (or directing), and controlling. Each of these functions plays a critical role in ensuring that an organization meets its objectives effectively and efficiently.

Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them. Organizing entails arranging resources and tasks to implement the plans. Leading, or directing, focuses on motivating and guiding employees to perform at their best. Controlling is about monitoring performance and making adjustments as necessary to stay on course.

While implementing is certainly an important aspect of executing plans and strategies, it is typically seen as an integral part of the planning and organizing stages rather than a standalone function in the traditional management framework. This distinction solidifies why implementing is not classified among the core four functions of management.